Harris Vs Trump on the Philippines and Southeast Asia

By Martin Laude

The upcoming 2024 United States presidential election is set to be highly consequential not just for the United States but also for the broader Southeast Asian region and the Philippines. With escalating tensions in the South China Sea and the Taiwan Strait, governments across Southeast Asia are increasingly concerned about how American foreign policy may change in the coming years depending on the outcome of the election. The two leading candidates, Kamala Harris (Democrat) and Donald Trump (Republican) offer starkly different approaches to foreign policy, with each candidate bringing drastically different implications to Southeast Asia.

Donald Trump is often described as an isolationist; he promotes an “America First” narrative and has advocated for reducing America's involvement in global conflicts. NATO, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, is a military alliance targeted at safeguarding the freedom and security of its members through political and military means. Trump has suggested pulling the U.S. out of NATO, which reflects his isolationist stance, as it would mean reducing America's commitment to its allies and stepping back from its leadership role in global defence. He has also voiced opposition to sending extensive aid and military support to conflict zones, such as Ukraine and Israel. In Southeast Asia, where geopolitical tensions over Taiwan and the South China Sea are mounting, Trump's stance could signal a reduced U.S. commitment to regional security. He has already indicated that if reelected, he may force Taiwan to pay for its defence from the U.S., a stance that reflects his "America First" ideology. His rationale relates to  Taiwan's dominance in the semiconductor industry, which he claims they “stole” from the USA.

In contrast, Kamala Harris is expected to largely continue Joe Biden’s approach to foreign policy. This includes reinforcing the strength and importance of NATO and maintaining support for Ukraine, Israel, and other allies. Unlike Trump, Harris would likely reaffirm America's alliances and security commitments in Asia, including the Philippines, to counterbalance China's growing influence. One possible change in her policy from Biden’s could be a more pronounced acknowledgment of the humanitarian crisis in Gaza as reflected in her recent comments recognising allegations of genocide in Gaza. Like Biden, she would likely continue to view China as an economic and strategic competitor, enforcing existing sanctions and promoting partnerships with Southeast Asian nations to resist Chinese territorial aggression, especially in contested waters like the South China Sea.

Regardless of these differences in foreign policy, the U.S. remains heavily intertwined with global geopolitics no matter which party holds power. Given the sharp contrasts between Trump's isolationist tendencies and Harris' continuation of multilateral engagement, it is only natural for both the citizens and governments of Southeast Asian countries to be concerned about the outcome of the 2024 election. The next president will not only shape America's role in global conflicts but will also directly influence U.S. relationships with its regional allies in a time when geopolitics are fragile.

In the case of a second Trump presidency, Southeast Asia, and particularly the Philippines, may see a reduction in U.S. security commitments. While Trump has not explicitly outlined a detailed foreign policy approach for the region, he may lean towards potential cuts to military aid and cooperation. For the Philippines, this could mean a reduction in joint military exercises, limitations on or even the closure of U.S. bases, and possible amendments to the long-standing Mutual Defense Treaty between the two countries, which requires both nations to support each other if another party attacks the Philippines or the United States. The reduction of U.S. influence could prompt Southeast Asian nations to seek alternative security arrangements or engage more diplomatically with China, further shifting the regional balance of power. Economically, Trump’s "trade war" with China, initiated in 2018, disrupted the global supply chain, including in Southeast Asia. For instance, Philippine exports to the U.S. and China, the country's two largest trading partners, were significantly affected, with exports to China dropping by 13% from 2019 to 2020, according to the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA). A return of theonist policies could further disrupt trade relationships, impacting sectors like electronics, agriculture, and labour exports in the Philippines.

In the case of a Harris presidency, she would likely reinforce the United States' dedication to its allies, especially in Southeast Asia. The Philippines could see advantages from continued military collaboration and potentially higher defence funding aimed at addressing Chinese dominance in the South China Sea due to the Mutual Defence Treaty. In 2022, Harris reaffirmed the U.S. commitment to the treaty, emphasising the “ironclad” nature of U.S. defence support for the Philippines in case of external attack, particularly in the South China Sea. Furthermore, Harris might bolster economic ties with the Philippines, emphasising green energy, infrastructure projects, and digital advancements, thereby offering alternatives to China's Belt and Road Initiative, targeted at stimulating infrastructure growth in developing countries. The Philippines backed out of the initiative in November 2023, indicating that the government may be trying to lessen its economic dependence on China. Moreover, regional stability during a Harris administration could facilitate the Philippines in managing its relationships with both the U.S. and China without fully yielding to pressure from China, especially given the heightened regional tensions in recent months. 

In regards to the broader Southeast Asian region, the two candidates could significantly influence its future, particularly concerning economic conditions and national security. A primary concern is the ongoing rivalry between the United States and China, which is anticipated to persist irrespective of the election outcome. During Trump's initial term, his administration enacted tariffs on $360 billion worth of Chinese imports, disrupting global trade dynamics and contributing to heightened economic uncertainty in Southeast Asia. The World Bank reported that Southeast Asian nations experienced an average annual decline of 0.3% in GDP growth rates due to the trade tensions between the U.S. and China. Should Trump secure a second term, this may lead to the continuation of these tariffs, further destabilising the economic environment for ASEAN countries that are heavily dependent on trade with China, particularly the Philippines, which regards China as its largest trading partner.

Conversely, Harris is anticipated to enhance economic relations with Southeast Asia by maintaining a focus on multilateral trade agreements. In 2022, total trade between Southeast Asia and the U.S. reached $441.6 billion, marking a 30% increase from 2020, a sign of the Biden-Harris administration's commitment to economic engagement with the region. Harris is likely to strengthen these connections, potentially rejoining the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), which could attract international investments to Southeast Asia that especially benefits the Philippines as it seeks to modernise its infrastructure nationwide.

The South China Sea continues to be a significant point of contention in the region, with China asserting claims over more than 90% of the area under its "Nine-Dash Line" regulation (or 10-Dash Line as seen in China’s most recent national maps). According to the Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative (AMTI), China's maritime militia operates approximately 300 vessels in contested waters, frequently clashing with Filipino fishermen and the Philippine Coast Guard. A Trump administration, characterised by a diminished emphasis on global alliances, may encourage China to amplify its military presence in the South China Sea, further exacerbating regional instability. In contrast, Harris' emphasis on multilateral security cooperation, including her support for the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (Quad) with Japan, India, and Australia, could deter Chinese aggression and provide Southeast Asia, including the Philippines, with greater security backing.

As the 2024 U.S. election draws near, the Southeast Asian region finds itself at a critical crossroad. For the Philippines, which is situated amid competing global powers, the election of the next U.S. president could significantly impact its geopolitical and economic position. A potential Trump administration may result in diminished military and financial assistance, thereby increasing the nation's susceptibility to China's expanding influence. On the contrary, a Harris administration could bolster U.S. alliances in Southeast Asia, offering the Philippines enhanced military, economic, and diplomatic support amid escalating tensions in the South China Sea. 

Given China's growing assertiveness, the Philippines, Taiwan, and its regional counterparts need to maintain robust and secure relations with the United States. Nevertheless, as the election approaches, the region must brace itself for either outcome, ensuring it can adeptly and swiftly navigate the constantly shifting landscape of U.S. foreign policy. In this dangerous situation, the stakes for the region, particularly for the Philippines, have reached unprecedented levels. 

 

Savouring Singapore

By Madalina Dragoiu Luca

Singapore Hawker centers are the pinnacle of cultural diversity. As featured in Crazy Rich Asians, these open-air communal food courts bring together an extensive array of culinary delights under one roof. While browsing at the different stalls you’ll see cuisines ranging from Malaysian, Chinese, Indonesian, Indian, to Peranakan cuisine which uses Chinese ingredients with cooking techniques from the Malay/Indonesian community. Although this is considered street food, some food stalls have even earned the honor of receiving Michelin stars, proving that good food can be found at any price point. The casual environment of Hawkers aids in an enjoyable dining experience on top of eating world-class food from a large array of different cuisines. Hawkers are not places you want to skip out on during your visit to Singapore as they are a true representation of the local food culture. 

Below are some of my personal recommendations, based on what I have tried, for if you ever visit a Hawker, as well as some other Singapore recommendations!

Singapore Hawker Food Recommendations:

Hainanese Chicken Rice

This is a non negotiable when visiting Singapore. It proves its status as the country’s National Dish and can be found in virtually every Hawker center. Served as either steamed or roasted, the dish usually comes with a pile of rice cooked in Pandan leaves and an array of dipping sauces. These typically include soy sauce, ginger sauce, and a spicy chili sauce, which really make the dish.

Satay

Served as either chicken, beef or pork, these grilled meat skewers are seasoned to perfection. They are often very affordable, typically costing less than 5$ for a serving, and are found in every Hawker center around the country. When paired with a classic peanut sauce they are perfect as an ‘on-the-go’ snack or as an appetizer. This is probably the dish I miss the most from Singapore and am always craving it whenever I go back! 

Laksa

Laksa is a staple in every Hawker center and the ultimate comfort food. This Malaysian spicy noodle soup will either have a coconut broth or curry base - depending on different recipes. It is typically topped with seafood however I have seen versions with chicken or beef also. 

Roti Prata

A type of Singaporean flatbread that originates from India This thin, layered, and flakey bread makes the perfect addition to curries and other sauces, although I also enjoy eating it on its own or just with some cheese!

Breakfast Recommendation:

Toast Box Kaya Toast and Kopi C Coffee

Very affordable traditional Singaporean breakfast. Kaya jam is a creamy custard made up of coconut cream, eggs, sugar and pandan leaves. Kopi, meaning “coffee” in Malay, has coffee and sugar with evaporated milk. There are also other variations of Kopi like Kopi O and Kopi O Kosong depending on how you take your coffee.

Milk Tea Store Recommendation:

LiHO TEA

A Singaporean brand with genuinely the best bubble tea I have ever tried. The menu is extensive so there is something there for everyone! My personal favorites are the classic Brown Sugar Milk Tea, Earl Grey Milk Tea, and Winter Melon Milk Tea all with brown sugar pearls. 

Congratulations to Ginoong Mangatarem 2024 - Christopher John Pascua Edwards.

By Jeremy Yu

In a tale that seems straight out of a sitcom, Christopher John Pascua Edwards, known in BSM as John Edwards, stumbled into the limelight of the Ginoong Mangatarem 2024 competition.

Starting on the 22nd of January, 2024, John Edwards arrived in Mangatarem, a municipality in the Philippines which has a yearly competition called “Ginoong Mangatarem”. It is a celebration of Filipino culture, heritage, and the promising potential of its young men. In this competition, the participants had to display their range of talents, share their aspirations, and describe the essence of being a Filipino man.

The competition had various segments, from showcasing your talent, swimwear parades, best dressed in a barong tagalog, and frame by frame picture analysis of their physique. John also attended multiple rehearsals about “positioning on stage, production dance move rehearsals, and walking and posing”.

The following is an interview between John and Winston Roars.

How did you get into Ginoong Mangaterm?

I got scouted out kind of? Essentially, my younger sister was doing a pageant and the organisers of the event happened to be running the Ginoong Mangatarem pageant due to circumstances I was asked to join to fill up the vacant slots

Can you describe the format of the competition? What were some of the activities that you participated in?

The format of the competition was basically split into two halves, I'd say? there's where all 10 compete into 4 categories, there's talent, swimwear, Barong Tagalog and picture analysis, for activities that we participated in, essentially there were a lot of rehearsals about positioning on stage, production dance move rehearsals, and walking and posing

How did you prepare for the competition? Were there any challenges that you faced during the preparation process?

I prepared by mainly practising the way I walk, then afterwards to prepare for the question and answer sequence and picture analysis. I had help from an instructor to know the places around the province of Mangatarem, how to structure my answer, and how to pose myself during my answer. On top of all that, I practised singing for my talent production which really put me out of my comfort zone since I am not very good at singing

What was your most memorable experience during the competition?

My most memorable part of the competition was winning cliche enough. I genuinely didn't think I would make it past the top 6 participants let alone in the top 3, so it was a really big surprise too. also seeing all my family supporting and cheering me, made me feel really grateful and happy

What qualities do you think are important for someone who wants to succeed in the competition?

Aside from the obvious, the two most important things I'd say are primarily confidence and clarity. confidence can be manifested through the whole posing routine, how you walk on the stage, how you answer questions, facial expressions, body language, etc etc. For clarity, it's most important in the picture analysis part and the question and answer part, where you have to be able to quickly understand what you have been asked or what you are looking at, and come up with an answer that either talks about the significance of the photo and what it is, or how to answer the question while also managing to incorporate yourself in to sell yourself to why you want to be the winning candidate.

How did you feel when you were announced as the winner of the competition?

I felt really happy, but at the same time I felt some guilt for the people who worked harder than me, and people who I thought should've won didn't win, but I guess that's the nature of any competition

What was the most challenging part of the competition for you?

The most challenging part of the competition for me was the posing in swimwear. I don't usually go around many people or places with anything less than my shirt and shorts on, but being on a stage, in front of hundred-something people completely shirtless and in swimming trunks really brought me way out of my comfort zone and it was challenging trying to upkeep a look of confidence while doing all of it

What was the most difficult question that you were asked during the competition?

The most difficult question that I was asked during the competition was "If you wanted men to be described in ONE word, what word would it be and why?", this is mainly because there's a plethora of words that could be attributed to men and what I want men to be recognised and described as, however, being able to build upon my reasoning and justification about why i chose that word, and on top of that trying to not stutter and stay concise and coherent throughout, I also had to try and sell myself as to why I should win and how my answer links to me.

What was the most interesting activity that you participated in during the competition?

The most interesting activity I participated in during the competition was 100% the talent portion, i have not seen any of the other candidates perform as it was all rehearsed at their own times, but the creativity and skill in each of the performances were definitely the most interesting and the creative, the variety of talents shown from dances, to song performances, to traditional performances was really exciting

Asteroid City: The Artistic Process and The Meaning of Life

By Rose Drage

Most cinephiles are able to recognise a Wes Anderson film from just one frame. From the simplistic, symmetrical sets with bold, pastel colours, to the deadpan delivery of his witty dialogue. There is something about his films that have a certain magic to them. This Wes Anderson charm is more present than ever in his latest film, Asteroid City. 

Set in the post WWII American west, the film follows a ragtag ensemble of characters as they process the changing political and socio economic climate in their own ways. From a war photographer, Augie Stienbeck, and his four children struggling with the emotional turmoil of their mother’s death, to a film star, an eccentric scientist, and an oddly adorable alien, this film doesn’t stray from Wes’ charmingly bizarre cast of characters. They are all so different but there’s something incredibly human about their sincerity. 

What makes Asteroid City so special, however, is the meta narrative. The story of the town, Asteroid City, is a fictional story which is being played out by actors in a play. The film is separated in two layers of meta; it opens in black and white as a man talks about the making of the play, but then as act I begins, the film bursts into an array of Wes’ signature pastel colour palette. The film switches between the monochromatic behind-the-scenes of the play, and the coloured portion- the story itself. 

This is what aroused a lot of critiques of the film- many people have complained that it’s too complex, that there’s too much going on and that it lacks substance. They say that Wes has prioritised the pretty cinematography and funny dialogue, instead of putting any real emotion into his film.

I would argue that the thing those very critiques are complaining about is the whole point of the film: uncertainty. This film was conceived in a time where almost the entire world had just been under total lockdown from a pandemic, where news media is becoming more and more distressing. What better way to express the uncertainty of the 2020s than in a film infused with chaos. The characters’ confusion and anxiety can easily be interpreted to represent our own. Through the disorder of their environment and their whole worldview, the characters are constantly asking the same question: what does it all mean? 

This existential panic comes to a climax at the end of scene three. After the alien returns the asteroid back to the crater it came from, all hell breaks loose. Children with weapons and flying on jetpacks, people yelling over each other; the air of instability has come to a burning climax. Augie Stienbeck, our main character, turns and walks to one side of the crater, where we see a door outlined in the orange dirt. He opens it, and walks into the black and white backstage area. You see a crane lifting up the boy you just saw flying on a jetpack, you see actors getting ready for their scene. Augie’s actor, Jones Hall, walks with determination to where the director, Schubert Green, who had been living in the set for a couple of months.

He asks “Am I doing him right?”. ‘Him’ being his character, Augie. He complains that he feels lost and that he feels like his own heart is being broken every night. Something that I’m sure many of us can relate to from time to time. Most of all, Jones says that he’s worried that he still doesn’t understand the play. To this his director replies “Doesn’t matter. Just keep telling the story. You’re doing him right.”

This is a message that hit me like a ton of bricks the first time I heard it. Movies put so much emotional weight on ‘finding your purpose’, and real life is not that simple. Coming of age stories like to tell us that finding yourself is a journey that you go through, where the destination is ‘yourself.’ What this film is trying to tell us is that the world is constantly changing in ways that can’t be condensed into a three part storyline with a beginning, middle, and end. Equally, we are as ever-changing and nuanced as the world around us. The characters are constantly trying to find a version of themselves that makes sense. This is clear in lines like “I never had children. Sometimes I wonder if I wish I should’ve...” where the emotion is so watered down by layers of self analysis that they become almost incomprehensible. Wes is telling us that we don’t have to try to constantly show the best possible version of ourselves. That, in these times where it’s difficult not to feel overwhelmed, all we have to do is keep going. As long as we do that, we are enough.

This theme can also be applied to the artistic process, and Wes Anderson’s stage in his creative career. The nuclear success of his recent films ‘The Grand Budapest Hotel’ and ‘The French Dispatch’ leave him at a pivotal point in his filmmaking. This is usually a crossroads for any artist reaching this stature; they either continue defining their style and excelling in their field, or they fall under the pressure and fail to meet the new expectations, losing their moment in the public interest. Wes decided to do something interesting at this moment, by creating a film about the storytelling process itself- a film all about uncertainty and how it affects the creative process. 

There is one scene that, without any context or further analysis, feels completely absurd. It is set in a dimly lit actors studio, where an acting class is being attended by all of the different actors of the play. Suddenly, one of the actors stands up from her seat and speaks out the words “You can’t wake up if you don’t fall asleep”. All of the other actors murmur to each other, until more of them stand up and say the same line. Eventually, that one sentence is being repeated by all of the actors as the alien slowly walks towards the camera. It feels like a really strange dream- unsettling but inexplicably comforting. When you think about it in the context of an acting class, however, you can begin to assign some meaning to it. 

Lee Strasburg is a theatre director, teacher, and actor who is known for popularising method acting and teaching it to many well-known actors. One of the methods he would use in these classes is where he would put his actors to sleep in order to get rid of any tension inside their mind and their body, which would allow them to become the character even more. The teacher in this scene vaguely resembles Strassburg, and this puts the words “You can’t wake up if you don’t fall asleep” into a new context. In order to succeed, you have to let go of all the doubts and trust yourself enough to go on. 

When I’m acting, playing guitar, or even writing essays like this one, I am overwhelmed by this nagging doubt in my head about whether I’m doing it right, and what the point is of what I’m doing. The scariest thing about art, for me at least, is the fact that no-one can tell you if you’re doing the right thing. Only you know the message and the emotions that you’re trying to express. You’re alone with the seemingly impossible task of taking the multitude of emotions inside of you, and translating them into something meaningful. You can try to break it down into micro-movements and different techniques, but you can’t rely on those techniques alone. At some point, you have to trust yourself enough to simply do the thing that you know how to do. “You can’t wake up if you don’t fall asleep.” This means essentially the same thing as the one word that I have been told over and over again by my guitar teacher, my drama teacher, and so many other people at stressful times: “Breathe.”

You know that you can do this because you’ve done it so many times before. The only thing stopping you from doing it is your overactive consciousness. 

This is what I believe Wes Anderson is trying to tell himself with this storytelling; at this critical moment in his career, where he is especially known for his films perfection and innovation, he is telling himself not to crumble but to trust himself and let the Wes Anderson magic happen. Outside of the context of the creative process, this notion still entails a message that can relate to all of his audience, especially people of our age. 

You might not know what you’re doing it all for, but you have no choice but to keep going, so you may as well try to enjoy it and bask in the absurd chaos of it all. This can be applied to our student lives, as well. We’re told to work as hard as we possibly can in order to get the best grades, and for what? So that if we do this for long enough, we can be accepted into a good university? But then what? Have a good career? A family? The truth is, we have no idea what the future will hold for us. We can assign meaning to our results; “If I keep getting A*s in physics, I can be an engineer”, but we have no way of knowing what will happen once we leave the school system. A large portion of people don’t even pursue what they learn in university. We aren’t grown people yet. Our brains haven’t even finished developing. We are being asked by the universe what we want to become, but most of us aren’t yet sure what we want to do with our lives, so what do we do? The only thing we can do- “Just keep telling the story.” 

“You’re doing it right.”

We're Back!

Hey, Winston Roars fam! I know we've been a bit... iNaCtIvE

It’s been a bit of a rollercoaster lately, so here’s the lowdown on what’s been going on:

1. Goodbye, winstonroars.ph: Our beloved site was snatched away, and now it’s just a parking spot on GoDaddy. ¯\_(ツ)_/¯

2. Milkshake Meltdown: We thought we’d found a new home on Milkshake.app, but let’s just say someone didn’t hit the sub
   scribe button, and now that’s gone too. Oops.😭😭😭

3. WordPress? Nah. We almost jumped to WordPress, but after some thought, we decided to keep things simple and stick with what works for now.

Through it all, we’re still here, ready to roar louder than ever!

Cheers,

Jeremy Aidan Yu
Winston Roars 2025 Managerial Editor

@ winstonroars.com